Landfall Review Online

Quest for the Middle Ground

March 1, 2012 Leave a Comment

Henry Feltham

The Desolation Angel, by Tim Wilson (Victoria University Press, 2011) 189 pp. $35

A piece of wisdom common to the music industry holds that your best song should never come first. Shoving the strongest track to the front of an album suggests the rest isn’t worth listening to. Dozens of internet threads debate the pros and cons of this notion; scarcely any make the argument for short stories. The arrangement of a collection is no less arcane than the ordering of a record. Some stories demand a position at the front, some at the rear. Some may not make the grade at all, once the logic of the collection becomes apparent (if it ever does). It may – in the final reckoning – prove impossible to astonish a reader picking the book up and not disappoint them a little further down the line. Not only is there no right answer, but the contest may be unwinnable.

There is a fulcrum at the centre of Tim Wilson’s new collection Desolation Angel, a story entitled ‘Suits’. It is the longest work in the book and seems to stabilise it. Yet this could be an accident: a parallel piece of publishing wisdom almost certainly states that it’s foolish to start a collection with the longest piece. Implicit is a vague sense of embarrassment about longer works — a doubt for their respect of short-story doctrine. ‘Suits’, though, is an extraordinary piece of writing following the disintegration of a freshly re-structured gaggle of business people as they pursue a trans-continental commute. Over forty pages, Wilson’s writing has the chance to spread out, gather pace. The disco cadence and projectile prose – which in the shorter pieces feels occasionally forced, or jammed-in-there – shimmers, darting between the crushing here-and-now of serial flight-catching and the more promising, elastic past.

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Looking for Helengrad

March 1, 2012 Leave a Comment

David Eggleton

Ruling Passions: Essays on just about Everything, by Nick Perry (Otago University Press, 2011) 230 pp. $45

Rudyard Kipling, the globe-trotting bard of the British Empire, famously described Auckland at the beginning of the twentieth century in his poem ‘The Song of the Cities’ as: ‘Last, loneliest, loveliest, exquisite, apart.’ This implicit glamourising, this poetic endorsement of ‘New Zealand exceptionalism’, as Nick Perry terms it, is one of the abiding cultural myths examined in Ruling Passions: Essays on just about Everything. In his miscellany of essays, variously written over the past two decades or so, Perry, Professor in Film, Television and Media Studies at the University of Auckland, ranges eclectically and exuberantly across many examples of ‘cultural work’ and ‘media spectacle’, but at heart his book is concerned with constructions of New Zealand identity — and is not so much an exploration of its ruling passions as of its ruling anxieties.

As a nation we have a craving for ‘authentic’ representations, but as a nation we are also ironically knowing about patriotism and propaganda, and aware that the ‘authentic’ experience is a valuable commodity, vulnerable to packaging and marketing. Framing Perry’s essays is the notion of commodity aesthetics, mediated, basically, by TV commercials and infotainment in which, as the sociologist W.F. Haug has pointed out: ‘the beautiful image becomes completely disembodied and drifts unencumbered like a multicoloured spirit of the commodity into every household.’ And so the media turns landscape into brandscape, providing idealised, emotionally affecting moments, moments of self-identification, with folk jogging, fishing, picnicking, using their smart phones, and so on. Leisure, in a word, on an industrial scale.

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Nature Study Man

March 1, 2012 Leave a Comment

Denis Harold

Seabird Genius: the Story of L.E. Richdale, the Royal Albatross and the Yellow-eyed Penguin, by Neville Peat (Otago University Press, 2011), 288 pp. $45

The establishment of the albatross colony at Tairoa Head on Otago Peninsula is iconic, but not so the individual largely responsible. Lance Richdale, born just days into the beginning of the twentieth century, saw his first albatross egg in November 1936 and was later devastated when he learned that vandals had stolen it. In fact, because of predators, no chick had successfully fledged in many years. He lobbied for the building of a protective fence, and the following season camped in his spare time near the nest of a single surviving chick. When after eight months it flew out to sea, local and foreign newspapers reported this exceptional event.

Prior to his contact with albatross, Richdale had begun intensive observations of yellow-eyed penguins on Otago Peninsula. After five seasons encompassing 800 visits to the colonies, he produced a two-volume manuscript, which unfortunately was not published because of the Second World War. He also began a twenty-year study of petrels on tiny Whero Island off the coast of Stewart Island.

Richdale was the first person in New Zealand to band seabirds systematically over time, and the second in the world to band penguins. His close observations of seabirds enabled him to debunk various fallacies, and to make many discoveries. He disproved the widely held notion that albatross deliberately starved their chicks in the later stages of rearing; and in regard to penguins he identified ‘14 types of behavior when pairs interacted’. Long-term studies of seabirds are still a rarity.
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Gujurat, the Punjab and Bollywood on Location

March 1, 2012 Leave a Comment

Dieter Riemenschneider

India in New Zealand: Local Identities, Global Relations, edited by Sekhar Bandyopadhyay (Otago University Press, 2010) 226 pp., $49.95

Maintaining that ‘Indians are now a visible minority in New Zealand’s public life’ and commenting upon the comparative scarcity of thorough and comprehensive studies on their presence in the country, Bandhopadhyay and his contributors set out to have a fresh look at the three aspects of ‘migration and settlement’, ‘local identities’ and ‘global relations’: temporal as well as spatial dimensions relevant to our understanding of the present Indian New Zealand community. Subdivided accordingly into three parts, essays written from various perspectives by historians, anthropologists and scholars in religious, cultural, media and health studies draw attention to these issues. We encounter Jacqueline Leckie, Ruth D’Souza, Arvind Zodgekar and Henry Johnson, who have done research on Indian migration and settlement dating back three decades to when Zodgekar published an essay in Indians in New Zealand: Studies in a Sub-Culture (1980) – a collection of essays edited by Kapil N. Tiwari – and to when Leckie presented her Ph.D. thesis at Otago University in 1981. Indeed, the university and Otago University Press have promoted studies of India in New Zealand not only with the present publication but also with Jacqueline Leckie’s magisterial book Indian Settlers: The Story of a New Zealand South Asian Community, released in 2007.

The dozen chapters that together make up the three sections of India in New Zealand focus respectively on historical and demographic characteristics of the diasporan community as a whole, on its heterogeneity — which results in problematic perceptions of a single cultural identity — and on the community’s international political, economic and cultural links. The reader thus is guided along a historical trajectory from the nineteenth century to the immediate present and thence to the possible future of Indian people in New Zealand. Tony Ballantyne, professor of history at Otago University, critically analyses ‘the important role that India played in the development in New Zealand between the 1870s and 1920s’.

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Diasporic Problems

March 1, 2012 1 Comment

Areezou Zalipour

Localizing Asia in Aotearoa, edited by Paola Voci & Jacqueline Leckie (Auckland: Dunmore Publishing, 2011) 248 pp., $44.99.

Localizing Asia in Aotearoa takes a multi-disciplinary approach to exploring the contemporary experience of New Zealand in relation to Asia and Asians. The book mainly investigates and examines the ways that Asia and Asians have been and can be ‘localized’ in the New Zealand context. That is, its combination of essays and personal narratives seeks to document the cultural and social presence of Asia in New Zealand as registered from various perspectives and analytical standpoints. The diversity of the book’s approaches reflects its ambitious scope in relating Asia to New Zealand and, more importantly, its goal of making the multicultural dimensions of contemporary New Zealand society more widely sensed, acknowledged and recognised.

The gradually accumulating presence of Asian immigrants who have settled in New Zealand — mainly Chinese, Indians, and Koreans — has now created a relatively large Asian diaspora in what is after all a relatively small nation. Some of the chapters of the book focus acutely on aspects of Asian diaspora in New Zealand so as to emphasise its particular cultural expressions. However, overall the book does not make a clear theoretical distinction between the relevance of Asia and Asians who live outside New Zealand (under discussion in Chapter Seven and Chapter Eight), and the Asians who have left Asia and settled in New Zealand: the most obvious difference being that this latter group of Asians have New Zealand permanent residence, and therefore a sense of belonging. They, like any other diaspora, generally conceive of themselves as active members of the social and political construction that is ‘New Zealand’. On the other hand, those Asians who do not live here do not — obviously — have that sense of belonging. The gap that exists between these two groups of Asians and their issues, though, is highly significant to discussions on localising Asia in New Zealand. One may ask what ‘Asia’ is being referred to, and who are Asians within the context of this book? This lacuna has not been highlighted by the introduction, nor by the book’s structure, with the lucid exactness that it demands.

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Holding up a Mirror to Empire

February 1, 2012 Leave a Comment

Michael O’Leary

The Parihaka Woman, by Witi Ihimaera (Vintage Books, Auckland, 2011) 318 pp., $39.00

Discussing ‘Romance Fiction’ in The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Literature, Professor Terry Sturm writes of the novelist Edith Lyttleton [aka G.B. Lancaster] that: ‘In the second phase of her career [she] turned more directly to one of the major forms of romance – the historical romance – organizing her epic treatments of colonial history in New Zealand, Australia and Canada around the perspectives of a series of highly intelligent, independent and rebellious female protagonists. The image of Empire which emerges, despite the colouring of romance, is distinctly critical’.

To refer to Ihimaera’s latest novel, The Parihaka Woman as ‘historical romance’ is not meant to be disparaging, for while it is definitely a ‘page turner’, it is by no means a ‘bodice ripper’ — if anything it is discreet, almost coy, in its dealing with sexual matters. Yet Sturm’s description of Edith Lyttleton’s writing does serve as an apt summary of The Parihaka Woman, the significant difference being that in Ihimaera’s tale of colonial history the ‘highly intelligent, independent and rebellious female protagonist’ is a Māori woman, Erenora, and the ‘image of Empire’ comes from the Māori mirror held up to that of the Pākehā settlers and Government so as to reflect from another angle the land greed and the murderous behaviour which took place in Taranaki in the 1860s to the 1880s.

It is against the story of late nineteenth-century holocaust and hardship that the main conceit of this novel is set. And just to make sure we understand that there is no mistake in the use of the word holocaust, Ihimaera quotes from a contemporary newspaper the feelings being expressed immediately preceding the attack on the Parihaka township: ‘The time has come, in our minds, when New Zealand must strike for freedom, and this means the death-blow to the Maori race!’ Also quoted is ex-premier Harry Atkinson who was reported as saying at a public meeting that he hoped: ‘if war did come, the natives would be exterminated.’ Following the aftermath of the racist rhetoric through, Ihimaera quotes from the 1996 Waitangi Tribunal Taranaki Report: ‘The graphic muru of most of Taranaki and the raupatu without ending describe the holocaust of Taranaki history and the denigration of the founding peoples in a continuum from 1840 to the present’.
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